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Hydraulic Parts:

Hydraulic steering is a vehicle system that uses pressurized fluid, pumped by an engine-driven pump, to intensify driver input, making it easier to turn the wheels of the vehicle with less effort, especially at low speeds, by multiplying force through a hydraulic piston and rack-and-pinion setup. This system provides smooth assistance and better outcome compared to non-assisted steering by using components like a pump, reservoir, fluid, and control valves to create force that translates into steering motion, reducing driver fatigue.  In simple terms, a hydraulic steering system helps the driver turn the vehicle's wheels more easily by using fluid pressure instead of relying only on the driver's muscle power. 

Main Components of a Hydraulic Steering System and Their Functions

• Steering Wheel: The steering wheel is used to control the direction of the vehicle. It is connected to the steering column, which transfers the driver's input to the rest of the system.
• Steering Column: It connects the steering wheel to the hydraulic system. It transmits the rotational motion from the steering wheel to the hydraulic control valve.
• Hydraulic Pump (Power Steering Pump): This pump is usually driven by the engine via a belt. It pressurizes the hydraulic fluid (power steering fluid) and sends it through the system. The pump ensures there is enough pressure to assist in turning the wheels.
• Hydraulic Fluid (Power Steering Fluid): The fluid transmits the pressure generated by the pump. It flows through hoses and valves to the steering gear, helping to move the wheels.
• Control Valve (or Rotary Valve): This valve directs the pressurized fluid to either side of the steering gear depending on the direction the steering wheel is turned. It controls the flow of hydraulic fluid to assist the steering movement.
• Steering Gear (Rack and Pinion or Recirculating Ball): Converts the rotational motion of the steering wheel into the lateral motion needed to turn the wheels. The hydraulic pressure helps move the gear, reducing the effort needed by the driver. In rack and pinion systems, the hydraulic fluid pushes the rack left or right. In recirculating ball systems, the fluid assists the movement of the ball nut.
• Hydraulic Hoses and Lines: These carry the hydraulic fluid between the pump, control valve, and steering gear. They must be strong and flexible to handle high pressure and movement.
• Reservoir: Stores extra hydraulic fluid and supplies it to the pump. It also allows air bubbles to escape and helps maintain fluid levels.

How It All Works Together: Basic Functioning

• When the driver turns the steering wheel, the steering column moves the control valve.
• The control valve opens pathways for the pressurized hydraulic fluid to flow to one side of the steering gear.
• The hydraulic fluid pressure pushes the steering gear, helping to turn the wheels in the desired direction.
• The pump continuously supplies pressurized fluid, while the reservoir maintains the fluid level.
• The hoses carry the fluid back and forth, completing the circuit.
• This hydraulic assistance reduces the physical effort needed to steer, especially at low speeds or when the vehicle is stationary.

This system makes steering easier, safer, and more responsive by using hydraulic pressure to assist the driver's input.